Which components are involved in humoral immunity?

The components involved in humoral immunity primarily include antibodies, B-lymphocytes, and lymphokines.

Antibodies are specialized proteins produced by B-lymphocytes in response to antigens, which are foreign substances that provoke an immune response. These antibodies circulate in the bloodstream and are essential for neutralizing pathogens such as bacteria and viruses, as they can specifically bind to these invaders and mark them for destruction or prevent them from entering cells.

B-lymphocytes, also known as B-cells, are a type of white blood cell crucial for the humoral immune response. Upon encountering an antigen, B-cells can differentiate into plasma cells that secrete antibodies. Additionally, some B-cells become memory cells, which allow the immune system to respond more efficiently if the same antigen is encountered again in the future.

Lymphokines are signaling molecules produced by lymphocytes that help regulate the immune response. They are part of a broader category of cytokines that mediate and influence the activity of other immune cells, thus enhancing the body’s ability to combat infections and diseases.

In summary, the combination of antibodies, B-lymphocytes, and lymphokines epitomizes the humoral immune response, making option B